Tanning salon, so harmful to the skin than the sun

American scientists and British discourage attendance at tanning salons. The lamps used in these rooms would not be safer than the sun's rays, they say. Latest published on the subject conclude that exposure to UV rays from sun lamps, is also harmful to the skin than sun exposure. UVA tanning salons also increase the risk of melanoma, responsible for 75% of deaths caused by skin cancer. Young people under 18 years - as well as people who have pale hair, eyes and sensitive skin - would be more affected by the harmful effects of UVA. "These data provide a further argument against tanning salons," said Dr. Peter Vignjevic, dermatologist for over ten years in Ontario. "There is no way to tan safely and the risks are even greater when exposed to ultraviolet light at a young age," he says. Each dose of ultraviolet radiation that we receive daily accumulates over time, the first 14 years of life is critical, "says the dermatologist. Lamps in tanning salons emit mainly UVA rays. They do not burn the skin, which is why these institutions declare safe. However, their intensity is two to five times higher than that of the sun's rays and penetrate deeper into the skin. UVA contributes to premature aging and damage to the skin and the appearance of melanoma, responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. "When my patients ask me whether they should attend tanning salons, I reply in the same manner as if they asked me permission to smoke. The answer is no, even in small doses! "Exclaimed Dr. Vignjevic. And vitamin D? Tanning salons boast of exposure to sun lamps as a source of vitamin D. Several studies have shown that exposure to the sun, the main source of vitamin D protect against some cancers. Just a healthy diet and a moderate exposure to sunlight each day to get vitamin D, maintains Dr. Vignjevic. "The artificial tanning seems much more risky than a lack of vitamin D," he adds. An Ontario étude3 conducted by the Canadian Cancer Society has shown that many owners of tanning salons do not take into account the recommendations of Health Canada. Since 2005, they were advised to limit the attendance of young people under 18 years and inform users of potential dangers of tanning beds. The study results show that industry self-regulation of artificial tanning is not working. The Canadian provincial legislation seeks to regulate the artificial tanning industry.

Acetaminophen: attention poisoning!

Acetaminophen is the leading cause of drug poisoning in Quebec. When the Quebec Poison Control Center receives a call on a drug intoxication, this pain is because once almost five. This is reflected in the final compilation of the calls received by the agency in 2007: 22 441 acute drug identified 4 137 (18.4%) were due to excessive use of acetaminophen. Why the drug rather than another? "Because it is easily accessible and it was used frequently, sometimes without knowing it is present in more than 900 pharmaceutical products," says Dr. René Blais, toxicologist and medical director of the Poison Center of Quebec. Both children and adults No wonder, therefore, that both children and adults are victims of acetaminophen poisoning. In 2007, 45% of these poisonings affecting 0 to 5 years, while adults (18 years and over) accounted for 46% of cases. According to Dr. Blais, in children is often an accidental ingestion poisoning which explains, for example by drinking the bottle of syrup against fever that contains acetaminophen. "In adults, the classic case is the use of Tylenol in addition to other drugs against pain that also contain acetaminophen, resulting in an overdose harmful, sometimes fatal," said toxicologist. The maximum dose of acetaminophen for adults is 4 grams per day. It is therefore important to check the content of acetaminophen medications you use. "In excess of 4 g per day, we may becoming intoxicated, and quickly, warns Dr. Blais. It can damage his liver irreversibly. " Beware of alcohol! Although many often have the habit of taking Tylenol (or its generic) when they have drunk too much, its use should be made with caution. People who take more than three alcoholic drinks per day - like alcoholics - are most vulnerable to poisoning, because the combined effect of alcohol and acetaminophen can be very damaging to the liver. It is also preferable to take ibuprofen (Advil ®, Motrin ®, or generic) to relieve a headache after drinking too much. What to do in case of poisoning? Poisoning acetaminophen does not cause symptoms in the early days, said Dr. Blais. But after 48 hours - and even more - to experience nausea or pain in the liver. In such cases, one can reach the Poison Control Center of Quebec where we evaluate the case and the person's needs. In case of danger, we will send to the emergency room, where she could receive an antidote, depending on the severity of intoxication.

The hibiscus tea against mild hypertension

Integrating hibiscus tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on a daily basis would reduce the Prehypertensive arterial hypertension and mild, as far as drugs prescribed for this purpose. This was indicated by researchers from Tufts University in Boston, at the last annual convention of the American Heart Association (AHA) . This conclusion was drawn from a study of 65 adults whose blood pressure showed a Prehypertensive or mild hypertension: systolic pressure was between 120 mmHg and 150 mmHg and diastolic pressure was equal to or less than 95 mmHg. None of these patients not taking antihypertensive medication. For six weeks, the participants took three cups per day of an infusion prepared with 3.75 gd'hibiscus or an inactive placebo whose flavor and color were similar. In general, the active herbal tea was more effective than placebo in lowering blood pressure: it is reported an average decrease of 7.2 mmHg for systolic pressure and 1.3 mmHg for diastolic pressure. But for patients whose voltage was higher at baseline (mild hypertension), the antihypertensive effect of hibiscus tea was even more marked. It has been observed among them a decrease of 13.2 mmHg for systolic pressure and 6.4 mmHg for diastolic pressure. This is equivalent to the therapeutic effect provided by the enzyme inhibitors angiotensin converting (ACE inhibitors), a synthetic drug widely prescribed to people suffering from hypertension.

Brisk walking, a good exercise for your brain!

Regular practice of moderate aerobic exercise may not only slow the cognitive decline, but also reverse the aging process of the brain, according to an american study . The researchers collected the results of studies on the effects of aerobic exercise and performance on cognitive function and brain volume to seniors suffering from dementia or not. Their summary shows that six months of moderate aerobic activity such as brisk walking, would be sufficient to improve cognitive function of the brain. This improvement is also accompanied by an increase in gray matter in the region of the frontal lobes. The authors point out such a study that evaluated the effects of physical activity on the brain for six months with people aged 60 to 75 years. A group of subjects engaged in brisk walking for 45 minutes at a rate of three times per week and the other group engaged in the practice of exercises and stretching. People group brisk walking have not only improved their fitness but also their cognitive functions, including their memory and their ability to concentrate, compared to subjects in the other group. There are still several issues to elucidate the effects of exercise on the brain, the researchers note. However, they can be argued that a system of active lifestyle which includes moderate aerobic exercise can improve cognitive function of the brain and even reverse the neurological decline in the elderly.

Panic attack: a warning sign of cardiovascular disease?

People prone to panic attacks are more likely to suffer a heart attack or be suffering from cardiovascular disease, especially before age 50, according to British researchers. They examined the health records of more than 400 000 people of different ages. Of these, 57 615 adults had been diagnosed with a crisis or a panic disorder. The results of the étude1 show that after an initial panic attack, patients under 50 years experienced more infarction or more were suffering from cardiovascular disease than those who had experienced any panic .
Especially women The link was even more marked among women aged 16 to 40 years who have had panic attacks. They ran a risk three times higher to suffer a heart attack than those who did not panic. For against, whether or not to panic-stricken, the women of this age group were at similar risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease. According to researchers from University College London, it is likely that several diagnoses of panic in fact prove to cardiovascular disorders. A warning "These results do not establish a clear link between panic and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease," says Dr. Willin Rozefort, Head of Department of General Medicine at the Institute Douglas. But she says, the study is a kind of "flashing light" for physicians who receive clinical management of patients with panic disorder. "Even if the patient has less than 50 years and shows no history of cardiovascular disease, the physician should conduct the necessary tests to ensure that a coronary disorder is not an issue," says Dr. Rozefort. It is estimated that 1.8% of the population live periods of panic, but this would be underestimated, as only a last resort that many patients consult for this condition.

Men are more susceptible than women to caffeine

Men and women react differently to the effects of coffee, according to the results of a experiment conducted in Spain with 688 subjects. Researchers at the University of Barcelona have conducted an experiment with 238 men and 450 women who drank an espresso classic (100 mg of caffeine) or decaffeinated (5 mg of caffeine). The study opted for espresso since decaffeinated version has the same taste and gives the same flavor as the classic version. The results 10 minutes after consuming the espresso, caffeine or not, the subjects felt a significant stimulating effect (less sleep and more brain activity). Among those who took the decaffeinated, this effect has faded quickly as he rose in the other after 20 minutes, reaching a peak after 30 minutes. Researchers report also that the stimulating effect of caffeine espresso was more pronounced among men than among women. They also observed that, conversely, the stimulation provided by the decaffeinated espresso has been more intense among women and lasted longer than men. In their conclusion, the authors wonder if women might produce a placebo effect stronger and more sustained than men. The data from this trial does not draw a conclusion in this regard. Researchers also express the assumption that the taste and flavor of the espresso were able to induce a placebo effect in subjects of the study. They do not indicate that the initial stimulus detected among drinkers of espresso, caffeine or not, comes from the sugar that the subjects were free to add or not to their coffee. Spaniards usually drink their espresso with a good dose of sugar.

A good night's sleep for healthy arteries

Sleep may help protect the arteries of the heart, show the preliminary data from a U.S. study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). According to the test observation, the coronary arteries were more calcified in people who slept little that those who received 7 or more hours of sleep per night. Calcification, or formation of arterial plaques, is associated with atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) which increases the risk of heart disease. The trial focused on 495 subjects that showed no arterial calcification in the beginning, according to results of a medical imaging by tomography. After a follow-up to five years, a new tomographic examination revealed that 12.3% of patients had calcifications in varying degrees. The incidence of arterial calcification was approximately 9.5% in subjects who slept less than 4 hours per night. In comparison, it was 4% in subjects who slept for 4 hours to 5 hours per night, about 2% when the sleep duration of 5 to 7 hours and almost non-existent among those who slept 8 hours or more. It is not known the mechanism by which sleep may protect against the formation of arterial plaques. Researchers believe it is possible that a good night's sleep can help reduce stress levels, which would be associated with calcifications. We have already noticed that the sleep tended to lower blood pressure, which could provide a respite to the arteries and reduce the inflammatory processes may lead to the formation of arterial plaque. Note that arterial calcifications are not, at present, regarded as a symptom of cardiovascular disorders. They are considered, at most, as a possible risk factor. The presence of initial calcification in the arteries does not mean that coronary artery disease. Further studies should be conducted to measure the precise effect of the number of hours of sleep on arterial calcifications and cardiovascular diseases.

Phlebitis deep attention to long-term complications

The risk of long-term complications as a result of deep phlebitis affects more people than we thought, found researchers from McGill University. And conventional treatment with anticoagulants can not prevent these complications called post-thrombotic syndrome. 43% of 387 participants who had made a deep phlebitis have undergone a post-thrombotic syndrome during the two years of the study. In the third of these patients, there were moderate or severe symptoms. The researchers were very surprised that almost half of patients experienced complications which have arisen by the pain and persistent swelling in the legs and in severe cases, by the formation of painful ulcers. "The symptoms are identical to those of deep phlebitis, but slower and less constant," says Dr. Susan Kahn, director of the Clinic on thrombosis of McGill University. "People who need deep phlebitis of a long-term monitoring in order not to develop post-thrombotic syndrome," said Dr. Kahn. It also recommends that those individuals having the lower compression to prevent medical complications in the long term. Phlebitis deep is the third cardiovascular disease most common in Canada, after the heart attack and stroke. It is caused by the formation of a blood clot in a vein that partially or completely blocks blood flow.

Stress: Do not forget the hugs

The caresses of the virtues would have health benefits, according to a U.S. study. They lead to a reduction of stress and blood pressure. American psychologists have conducted a clinical trial with 34 couples whose partners were in good health between 20 and 39 years. For four weeks, 20 engaged couples, three weekly sessions of 30 minutes, exercises, thoughtful touch. The other 14 couples (control group) were simply instructed to take notes about the demonstrations of affection that is lavished, without making changes to their behavior. The researchers measured participants' blood pressure and the rate of two hormones and an enzyme linked to stress before, during and after the test. According to the results, levels of oxytocin and salivary alpha-amylase were higher among couples practicing touch participants than among the control group. Oxytocin, also known as the hormone of love, and alpha-amylase, a digestive enzyme, the two substances are associated with stress management. Researchers have observed no effect on blood levels of cortisol, a hormone that is often used as an indicator of stress. The study also reported a slight reduction in blood pressure, most evident in men than in their partner. Before the test, the tension of men was higher than that of their partner. Participants of the "caress" should apply a technique to increase their awareness of the psychological mood of their partner and their physiological state, by affecting the neck, shoulders and hands. As a first step, the partners were sitting practice for cuddles, and they continued lying on their backs, side by side, letting himself be gradually drawn into a gentle rocking each other.

Travel Health: advice not to spoil your holiday in the South

Almost all travelers committed at least recklessly can make patients during the first 72 hours of arrival in a sunny destination. "No less than 98% of travelers consume food or water may be added diarrhea, hepatitis A or typhoid fever in the vacation package they were offered," said Dr. Dominique Tessier, medical director Clinic Medisys Travel Health. According to her, many travelers are already aware of the risk of being infected in the tropics, but many are unaware that it is recommended to be vaccinated "even when they are about to leave," she says . Attention to food and water It is mainly through food and water (in all its forms) that can be achieved in the Traveler's diarrhea or hepatitis A, when you are on vacation. And it would be difficult to avoid completely the risks, if only because he must eat and drink, and festive spirit that is often at the appointment ... "The welcome cocktail are offered on arrival at the hotel is a good example of what to avoid if one believes that it contains ice or if it is made with fresh fruit illustrates Dr. Tessier. Case of wine, beer or a drink without ice, you are safe. "
Beware of preconceptions It is not only because they are reckless that travelers are at risk. Some have preconceived ideas die hard. "The managers of tourist sites and travel agents suggest that the hotels of four or five stars provide filtered drinking water, warns Dr. Tessier. But even filtered water is not without risk. " Other people also believe that fruits and vegetables are fresher or better in the South. "The raw foods pose any problem because we can not wash properly. They may involve a serious risk of transmission of all kinds of infections, including the bacterium E. coli and salmonella, "she says. Furthermore, it should also be wary of other passengers, which, according to the specialist infection, may be responsible for the contamination of food in the buffet spread. Countries more at risk than others? It should be noted that Mexico and the Dominican Republic have a high risk of diarrhea in travelers or in excess of 60%, "even under the best conditions," says Dr. Tessier. Therefore it is strongly recommended to be vaccinated several weeks before departure. To learn more about the immunization of travelers, see our article: Travel: Have you considered the vaccines? In Cuba, the risk of contracting hepatitis A or diarrhea is approximately 40%. "It's still quite significant and it may require you to spend one or two days in bed," says Dominique Tessier.

the best soy beverages are ...

Given the growing popularity of soy beverages, magazine Protect You This, in its issue of February 2009, an analysis of several brands sold in supermarkets. Of the 65 products tested, 37 were rated among the best choices for their nutritional value. To be considered a healthy choice, soy beverages should provide up to 8 grams of fat and 20 grams of carbohydrates and at least 6 grams of protein for a portion of 250 ml. In addition, they should be enriched with vitamins and minerals. Those who failed the test were either too sweet or low in protein or calcium. Among the best drinks include all flavors of Natur-a Soy Dream and Silk (except chocolate drink). An alternative to milk? Fortified soy beverages are a good alternative for those who dislike the taste of milk or are lactose intolerant, but only if they are enriched. A soy beverage is called enriched when he was added predetermined amounts of calcium, zinc and vitamins A, B2, B12 and D, similar to those contained in cow's milk. Fortified soy beverages provide at least 25% of the daily intake of calcium and 35% of vitamin D, values close to those of milk. Beware of sugar The terms "nature" and "original" means that the flavor of soy beverage was not changed, but can be added sugar. To find a product low in carbohydrates, but rather seek a "non-sweet."

Acrylamide: une substance toxique dans vos frites?

Everyone knows that French fries and potato chips are not examples of healthy foods. But it may be a substance - acrylamide - which is formed during processing or cooking of these foods is now considered dangerous to health. Should we ban food? In the Gazette officielle du Canada1 published on Saturday 21 February, Health Canada recommends that acrylamide is added to the list of toxic substances found in the country. We have known since 2002 that the high carbohydrate and low protein content of certain foods - including french fries and potato chips - are conducive to the formation of acrylamide when treated at high temperatures above 120o Celsius. This phenomenon is called "Maillard reaction". Dangerous, but how? According to Health Canada, french fries and potato chips are the main dietary source of acrylamide. In much lower concentrations, are also found in other products: cereals, crackers, pastries, cookies, bread, cocoa, coffee and canned black olives. In the laboratory, several studies have shown that acrylamide can cause cancer in animals exposed to certain doses.
But at what concentration of acrylamide is it risky to human health? For now, we can not say because the only available studies on the topic "do not prove or demonstrate that a low exposure to acrylamide increases the risk of cancer," says Health Canada. According to the draft assessment released by Environment Canada and Health Canada2, acrylamide, since 1994, classified as "probably carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency on Cancer. Also, as it ignores the cumulative effect of different sources of acrylamide in humans, both departments recommend to play cautiously. "Given the cancérogénocité of acrylamide [...], it appears that [the substance] shall be considered to enter the environment in a quantity and concentration may constitute a danger to life or health in Canada, "says there in the draft evaluation. Should we ban French fries from the menu? According to Professor of Chemistry Ariel Fenster3, however, there is no need to remove the fries from his plate. "In the laboratory, animals were submitted - in proportion - in doses larger than those of acrylamide which humans are exposed," says the scientist linked to McGill University. In contrast, when brown or fried foods at high temperature in the stove, a small amount of this substance is formed. The accumulation of acrylamide that could consume can cause cancer or other problems? This is what Health Canada should explore in greater depth. But whatever the answer, Ariel Fenster prodigal a board full of wisdom: "French fries and potato chips are food which must not be abused, and not because of the acrylamide, but saturated fat. To the extent that we have a varied diet, eating French fries at no problem, "he concludes.

Cognitive decline: the game BrainAge would not be more effective than crosswords

Electronic games such as BrainAge or HAPPYneuron would not be as efficient as reading, crossword puzzles or sudoku to slow the decline of memory and cognitive skills related to aging, according to a U.S. study. Data from the analysis of a dozen studies have demonstrated that these programs had an effect especially in the elderly healthy. According to researchers, the various skills sought by these games have no positive impact on other spheres of life or other cognitive functions. Studies unequal Moreover, available studies were sometimes doubtful as to their objectivity or lacked scientific rigor. For example, half had not compiled long-term results, making it even more difficult to evaluate the benefits over time.
In the view of researchers, when you run your brain, simple activities of daily living are probably as much if not more effective than those programs as' beneficial exercises for the brain. " Moreover, it is estimated that these games represent a more lucrative market in the context of an aging population, surpassing the $ 200 million in sales this year in the United States. Physical activity before technology To keep alert cognitive function, researchers advise rather a method that has proved its worth: to make physical activity daily. Indeed, as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are known to cause cognitive decline, the move and maintain a healthy weight to help keep a healthy mind in a healthy body.

The Mediterranean diet protected the brain against cognitive decline

The Mediterranean diet could protect people with mild cognitive impairment against Alzheimer's disease, according to a study . The study was conducted among 1 393 subjects and 482 healthy individuals with a mild cognitive decline (memory loss or difficulty concentrating, for example). The mean age of 77 years, completed a questionnaire on their dietary habits during the past year. The results after a follow-up to four years, individuals suffering from mild cognitive decline that followed the Mediterranean diet moderately saw their risk of suffering from Alzheimer's disease reduced by 45% compared to those following little or no . Among those who applied with moderation and the Cretans who had no cognitive impairment light, the risk to be decreased to 17% and 45% for Alzheimer's disease. For those who followed to the letter, this proportion was 28% for mild cognitive decline and 48% for Alzheimer's disease. According to the authors of the study, it is difficult to explain how the Mediterranean diet, which is primarily composed of fruits, vegetables, fish and olive oil can help the brain stay healthy. But they point out that this diet could reduce risk factors like high cholesterol and sugar, often associated with mild cognitive impairment.

Cholesterol: you can eat your eggs in peace

Regular consumption of eggs would have little effect on blood cholesterol and thus the risk of cardiovascular disease, concludes a new study . Most people do not have to restrict their consumption of eggs, the researchers contend. Despite numerous views on cholesterol that have cleared the eggs in recent years, the belief that their consumption should be limited to three per week is still widespread, had the authors of the study. Their analysis of the results of several studies shows that even if the eggs are rich , they contribute little to the accumulation of blood lipids. In fact, only one third of blood cholesterol comes from food, mainly saturated fats and trans fats. Smoking, excess weight and lack of physical activity influence further accumulation of blood cholesterol. In many instances, such as the British Association of heart disease, now recognize that the eggs are part of a balanced diet. Rather, they recommend limiting the consumption of meat and dairy products high in fat, as well as cakes and biscuits. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), eating egg yolk per day may be acceptable, even for people hypercholesterolemia, if the consumption of other foods high in cholesterol, such as cheese, cream, butter and red meat is limited. However, people with diabetes should limit their consumption of eggs, according to a study published in 2008,4. The risk of infarction is higher among diabetics who consume lots of eggs.

Soft drinks without sugar associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

The sugar-free soft drinks are not as harmless as one might think, according to a new study américaine1. Those who drink regularly are at risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Nearly 7 000 Americans have been followed in connection with this investigation. According to the results, participants who drank at least one soft drink per day without sugar at the beginning of the study had 36% more likely to be suffering from type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never drank. And they had 67% more likely to suffer from metabolic syndrome. From 2000 to 2002, participants answered a questionnaire about their eating habits, including how often they consumed soft drink without sugar. On three occasions during the years that followed, either in 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and in 2005-2007, members of the cohort were tested for the detection of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome . Isabelle Galibois, professor in the department of food sciences and nutrition at Laval University and a specialist in diabetes, is not ready to condemn the sugar-free soft drinks provided. "It's very difficult to lay blame on a particular food," she says. It is possible that lovers of soft drinks, even if they are dieting, have less attention to their diet in general. She stresses that in the past, some studies have shown a relationship between consumption of sugar-free soft drinks and type 2 diabetes. But other research has found no link. To prevent type 2 diabetes, it is better to focus all of their food, suggesting she says. Regular exercise and good stress management are also given priority.

Living near a grocery store would reduce the risk of overweight

Live within one mile of a grocery store would reduce the risk of overweight, according to a study by the University of British Columbia who has focused on the effects of urbanism on the lifestyle and health gens1. According to the results, people who live near a grocery store are half as likely to be overweight compared to those who must use their cars to get there. If the district has several grocery stores nearby, it's even better! According to the study, each additional store in a radius of one kilometer or less reduced the risk of overweight by 11%. Results showed that people were walking in the neighborhoods more "traditional" where the streets are well lit, where there are continuous sidewalks and a variety of shops, service establishments, schools and parks nearby. According to researchers, suburban-type developments bring, on the contrary, people to drive more, especially for shopping, which increases the risk of overweight. More than 600 people, aged 15 years and older, participated in this study in which researchers have compared their body mass index (BMI) and proximity to shops in relation to their residence.

Fewer headaches due to light exercise?

Who would think to do physical activity when a migraine? Yet it seems only complied with certain exercises can reduce the frequency and intensity of these throbbing headaches. This is what Swedish researchers discovered as part of a small study which was attended by 26 people and migraine disinclined to activity physique1. For 12 weeks, they followed an exercise program for a warm-up period of 15 minutes, followed by 20 minutes of indoor cycling to moderate intensity. Each of the three weekly sessions ended with a gradual return to rest, which consisted of 5 minutes of light effort. First observation of importance, except for one participant, no one has experienced migraine immediately after a workout. Similarly, all participants improved their ability to absorb oxygen and heart health without increasing their migraines. On the contrary, they have had migraines as a result of 12 weeks of the program were less frequent and less intense than at the beginning. They also reported a significant improvement in their quality of life. Because of the limited number of participants, the results can not be extrapolated to the entire population. That's why researchers want to conduct a study on a larger scale to better compare the effects of aerobic activity on migraine.

Screening for breast cancer: significant reduction in mortality

The Quebec program of breast cancer screening (PQDCS) would have reduced the mortality rate of 35% to 41% among women who had at least one mammogram between 1998 and 2003. This emerges from a recent report published by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), which analyzes trends in mortality from breast cancer since the establishment of PQDCS in 19981. This program is for all Quebecers 50 years to 69 years. In total, 523 830 women took part in the program and have undergone at least one mammogram during the first five years of implementation, or 49.7% of 1 054 620 women who were eligible. It is estimated to have prevented 30 deaths from breast cancer for every 100 000 women who participated in the program during this période2. But when one takes into account all eligible women, ie including those who have not gone mammography, reducing the mortality rate goes down around 7% to 11%. Encouraging results When setting up the Québec breast cancer screening, an estimated 247 women who participated in the program were going to die of breast cancer. But five years later, there were 160 deaths, a difference of 35% compared to forecasts of departure. Report data have also highlighted the importance for women to undergo mammography once they become eligible. For example, among women 50 years to 59 years, an estimated 134 deaths "expected" by breast cancer at the beginning of the program. Five years later, 75 died as a result of this cancer, ie 44% less than was anticipated. Among women aged 60 to 69 years, there have been 85 deaths from breast cancer, while anticipating 113. A difference of 25%. "It's the kind of reductions that were expected," said Dr. Jacques Brisson, co-signatory of the report and expert associated with INSPQ. Also professor of epidemiology at the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Dr. Brisson believes these results should encourage more women to take part in PQDCS. Nevertheless, he agrees that the report does INSPQ as a positive element of the program, ie the reduction in mortality. According to him, the choice whether to participate in a screening program based on a balance between the advantages and disadvantages in it. Among these drawbacks, the fear and anxiety arising from a first mammogram positive. "1 For 000 women who undergo screening, 10% to 12% will undergo a subsequent examination and some will have biopsies, he concludes. However, approximately 95% of abnormal mammograms will not lead to a diagnosis of breast cancer. " In Canada, the mortality rate due to breast cancer has been declining since the mid-1980s. It has fallen more than 25% since 1986, from 32 to 23.1 deaths per 100 000 femmes3. It is estimated that one in nine women may have breast cancer during her lifetime and one woman in 28 will die.

Menopause: soy and seaweed, a synergistic effect?

Seaweeds increase the positive impact that could have soybeans against the symptoms of menopause, according to a U.S. clinical trial . According to the results of the study conducted among 15 postmenopausal women, the effects of soy on the regulation of hormones were more pronounced when the participants consumed seaweed wakame (commonly consumed in Japan). Through taken blood and urine tests, researchers found that algae contributed to improve the metabolism of soy phytoestrogens (isoflavones). For seven weeks, we compared the effects of a daily intake of 5 gd'algues wakame, in the form of capsules, to those of placebo. During the seventh week, participants consumed an extract of soy protein (approximately 100 gd'extrait soy per day). After a treatment period of three weeks, the protocol was repeated by reversing the groups.
Fiber beneficial? Soluble fiber that closes the wakame may explain the synergistic effect observed, say researchers. They believe that the algae would act on the intestinal flora, which would increase the regulatory action of soy on the hormonal system. According to the gynecologist Dodin2 Sylvie, these results open a track of interesting research: "It could be that the metabolism of phytoestrogens is partly dependent on food. This could lead to a better understanding of the effects of all the food we consume, and give health care professionals better tools to recommend an adequate diet to their patients. " She however noted that for the moment academic studies that require more extensive clinical trials. Note that the soy protein and isoflavones have generated considerable interest for the treatment of menopausal symptoms because of their mild estrogenic effects and reactions to synthetic hormones. Numerous trials have been published but have given divergent results, which makes the data difficult to interpret. For more information, see our information sheet protein and soy isoflavones.

Tooth whitening: products sold in pharmacies reduce enamel

The tooth whitening products on the market erode tooth enamel, according to a study . There is talk, however, erosion of the nanometer. The study focused on five products in the form of strips or gel applied using gutters. Fifty samples of teeth were treated during a period of ten days to three weeks, depending on the product used. The study showed that all whitening products to reduce tooth enamel from 1.2 to 2 nanometers. However, teeth that have not received treatment whitening won 0.4 nanometer enamel during the same period.
"There is no need for alarm, said Dr. Serge Langlois, president of the Association of Dental Surgeons of Quebec. Loss of enamel of the microscopic order is harmful and does not affect the hardness or the resistance of teeth. In addition, tooth enamel regenerates naturally in a few weeks or months, he adds. The study also demonstrated that the type of treatment, teeth lost 6% to 19% of their elasticity. Although they are rigid, teeth have a certain elasticity to withstand shocks. The loss of elasticity and enamel of the teeth was the same regardless of the concentration of the bleach. The products tested contained either 9%, 10% or 14% hydrogen peroxide or 22% carbamide peroxide. Cleaning or laundering? The dentist Claire Deschamps, who performs whitening treatments for over 20 years, met the public to guard against the popularity of these products sold in pharmacies. "The stains on teeth caused by foods such as coffee, or tobacco may easily disappear with a good cleaning, she says. A tooth which is darker hue may require bleaching using a product that will concentrate more on the pigment of the tooth. " The College of Dentists of Quebec and the Canadian Dental Association recommends consulting a dentist before starting treatment for whitening teeth. "Fillings, the presence of caries, exposed roots, or gums in poor condition may reduce the effectiveness of a bleaching treatment or cause unpleasant side effects such as hypersensitivity of the teeth," says Claire Deschamps. The Canadian Dental Association states on its website that the long-term treatment , whether with a dentist or at home, "are still unknown and must be investigated, especially since the results treatments are not permanent and that many people eventually suffer periodic bleaching treatments.

Have a promotion at work: good or bad for mental health?

Have a promotion at work might have adverse effects on mental health promotion since the employee would stress increase of 10%, supported by British researchers. The researchers have used data from a national survey of 1 000 workers promoted into positions of management or supervision. According to Eric Gosselin, a specialist in psychology to work at the Université du Québec en Outaouais, it is normal that the level of stress a person is highest when it sees its responsibilities increase. And on the contrary, most experts agree that having to say a promotion may be beneficial to health, he says. "With it, you get more recognition and better control of its tasks. This helps to manage stress and, possibly, improve their health, "he says. However, according to the results of the study, participants did not see their health improve after their promotion. Thus, one might wonder if the promotions really improve health, or if people have promoted better health than others before the promotion. "Their better health could ensure that they are more productive and thus more likely to achieve progress? It is an interesting track, "says Eric Gosselin.

Swine influenza: prevention measures

Several cases of swine influenza transmitted to humans have been identified throughout the world since last week. The virus had been introduced to Mexico where he has even more victims. Now there are fears a pandemic and all countries on alert. How does the flu that infects pigs that she may have spread to humans? What are the symptoms? What to do to resist them? Here are some answers. From pigs to human When a pig caught the flu, it is reached by one of four strains of influenza virus type A H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 and H3N1. Usually, these strains are not transmitted to humans, except in rare cases where humans are directly exposed to the presence of animals. In the past, there have been some isolated cases of swine flu had spread to humans, but this is the first time we observe a transmission from one person to another. That is why the H1N1 strain of concern as public health authorities around the world. As flu "normal" The swine flu is a respiratory illness that causes symptoms similar to seasonal human influenza: fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough, sore throat, sneezing and nasal secretions. Swine influenza can also cause vomiting and diarrhea. In Mexico however, the A/H1N1 virus has killed people age normally less vulnerable to the flu, or adults 25 years to 45 years in good health. How to protect against swine influenza? Swine influenza is transmitted by contact with secretions containing virus particles, ie by coughing or sneezing. One can not contract swine influenza by consuming pork. To guard against the H1N1 strain of the virus, it suffices to apply the same prevention measures and health than any other type of grippe1: Wash hands regularly with soap and water. Cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Get vaccinated against the flu, to strengthen her immune system. Wear a mask is not shown, unless you go to the emergency or in a clinic with a cough or fever. For travelers, Health Canada regularly issues opinions on the following site: www.voyage.gc.ca.

Physical activity: moving commuters as much as the urban

Some myths die hard. That, for example, that the inhabitants of the suburbs are less physically active than urban dwellers, because they jumped in their car when they need to go shopping or go to work. A recent Statistics Canada report1 nuance that perception. The study is drawn from the General Social Survey (GSS) in 2005 which assesses the daily schedule of Canadians aged 15 and older. To go about their daily business, it is true that against the inhabitants of the suburbs are more likely to take their car. In 2005, only 14% of residents of suburban Canadian market or cycled during a day of reference to move utility, for 28 minutes on average. In large cities, 30% of people walked or been cycling for 35 minutes. Gardening and outdoor work The picture is however different when we look at the side of other physical activities such as gardening, grounds maintenance or cleaning outside the house. In 2005, 12% of suburban residents were likely to engage in these activities during the day, for 15 minutes on average. In neighborhoods with a high density, the percentage dropped to 5%, and duration fell to 6 minutes. No significant difference between the two groups was found with regard to participation in sports and other recreational activities. About one in four people involved in such activities. Finally, the proportion of individuals who have 20 or more minutes of physical activity during the day was not higher in areas with high density residential (urban) than in low density (suburban).